根據(jù)人類(lèi)受精和胚胎學(xué)管理局(HFEA)的數(shù)據(jù)，體外受精后多胞胎的比例已大幅下降至6%。

　　英國(guó)的多胞胎數(shù)量已達(dá)到歷史最低水平。'這是英國(guó)醫(yī)療保健的重大成功。HFEA主席Julia Chain解釋說(shuō)，多胞胎對(duì)患者和未出生的嬰兒都可能是危險(xiǎn)的，并且會(huì)給NHS帶來(lái)額外的負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　上周發(fā)布的HFEA新報(bào)告總結(jié)了2015年至2019年間體外受精后多胞胎的數(shù)據(jù)。多胞胎早產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高，這可能導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期的健康問(wèn)題，例如腦癱和學(xué)習(xí)困難。孩子。多胎妊娠的女性患先兆子癇和晚期流產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也更高。HFEA報(bào)告稱(chēng)，從1990年*到2019年，英國(guó)的多胎出生率大幅下降，從28%下降到僅6%。

　　重要的是，HFEA發(fā)現(xiàn)，一次只移植一個(gè)胚胎來(lái)減少多胞胎似乎對(duì)成功率沒(méi)有影響。相反，試管嬰兒的成功率穩(wěn)步提高。此外，使用NHS的患者和私人資助治療的患者的體外受精成功率沒(méi)有差異。然而，與NHS患者（5%）相比，年輕的私人資助患者（9%）的多胞胎率更高。

　　從歷史上看，IVF后的多胎出生率一直高于自然受孕后的多胎出生率，因?yàn)槎鄠€(gè)胚胎同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移到子宮中。除特殊情況外，三重胚胎移植的做法在2003年僅限于40歲以下的患者。然后在2007年，HFEA的“一次一個(gè)”運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)診所進(jìn)行單胚胎移植并冷凍其他可行的胚胎。此后，單胚胎移植將所有年齡組的多胞胎率限制在1%到3%之間。

　　然而，HFEA的報(bào)告確實(shí)顯示，所有人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中的多胎出生率并沒(méi)有均勻下降。黑人患者的多胞胎和多胚胎移植率顯著高于其他種族群體，比率為12%，而其他群體的平均比率為10%。因此，黑人婦女及其嬰兒仍然面臨著更高的多胞胎并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　Chain確認(rèn)HFEA將“鼓勵(lì)診所審查他們的多胞胎策略，特別是與少數(shù)民族患者有關(guān)的策略，因?yàn)槲覀兿Ｍ麨樗谢颊咛峁┮粋€(gè)公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境。”

　　原文如下:

　　The proportion of multiple births following IVF has fallen dramatically to six percent,according to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority(HFEA).

　　The number of multiple births has reached an all-time low in the UK.'This is a major success for UK healthcare.Multiple births can be dangerous for both patients and unborn babies and can put an additional burden on the NHS,'explained Julia Chain,chair of the HFEA.

　　The new report from the HFEA,published last week,summarised data on multiple births following IVF between 2015 and 2019.Multiple births carry a higher risk of prematurity,which can result in long-term health issues such as cerebral palsy and learning difficulties in the child.Women carrying multiple pregnancies are also at a higher risk of pre-eclampsia and late miscarriage.The HFEA reported a substantial reduction in the UK multiple birth rate from the 1990s to 2019,falling from 28 percent to just six percent.

　　Importantly,the HFEA found that the reduction in multiple births by transferring only one embryo at a time does not seem to have had an impact on success rates.On the contrary,IVF success rates have steadily improved.In addition,no difference was found between IVF success rates for patients using the NHS and patients whose treatment was funded privately.However,the rate of multiple births was higher among young,privately funded patients(nine percent)compared to NHS patients(five percent).

　　Historically,multiple birth rates following IVF have been higher than multiple birth rates following natural conception,because of multiple embryos being transferred into the womb at once.The practice of triple embryo transfer was restricted in 2003 to patients under 40,apart from in exceptional circumstances.Then in 2007,the HFEA's'One at a Time'campaign encouraged clinics to practise single embryo transfer and freeze other viable embryos.Single embryo transfers have since limited the rate of multiple births to between one and three percent across all age groups.

　　The HFEA's report did,however,reveal that multiple birth rates have not fallen evenly across all demographics.Multiple births and multiple embryo transfers were significantly higher in black patients than in other ethnic groups,at a rate of 12 percent compared with an average of ten percent across other groups.Consequently,black women and their babies remain at a higher risk from the complications of a multiple birth.

　　Chain affirmed that the HFEA will'encourage clinics to review their multiple birth strategies,particularly in relation to patients from ethnic minority groups as we want to achieve a level playing field for all patients.'

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