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染色體異常如何確保生下的下一*健康?
發(fā)表于2021-07-26 16:56:59
67
0
什么是染色體異常
正常人的體細(xì)胞染色體數(shù)目為23對,并有一定的形態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)。染色體在形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)或數(shù)量上的異常被稱為染色體異常,由染色體異常引起的疾病為染色體病?,F(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)的由染色體異常導(dǎo)致的染色體病有200余種,染色體病在臨床上??稍斐闪鳟a(chǎn),嬰兒先天愚型、先天性多發(fā)性畸形、以及癌腫等。染色體異常的發(fā)生率并不少見,在一般新生兒群體中就可達(dá)0.5%~0.7%。而在早期自然流產(chǎn)時(shí),約有50%~60%是由染色體異常所致。
引起染色體異常原因
染色體是基因的載體,染色體病即染色體異常,故而導(dǎo)致基因表達(dá)異常機(jī)體發(fā)育異常。染色體畸變的發(fā)病機(jī)制不明,可能由于細(xì)胞分裂后期染色體發(fā)生不分離或染色體在體內(nèi)外各種因素影響下發(fā)生斷裂和重新連接所致。
1.物理因素:人類所處的輻射環(huán)境,包括天然輻射和人工輻射。天然輻射包括宇宙輻射,地球輻射及人體內(nèi)放射物質(zhì)的輻射,人工輻射包括放射輻射和職業(yè)照射等。
電離輻射因?qū)е氯旧w不分離而引人注目。有試驗(yàn)證明,將受照射小鼠處于MⅡ中期的*細(xì)胞和未受照射的同期*細(xì)胞比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)不分離在受照射組中明顯增高,這一現(xiàn)象在年齡較大的小鼠中尤為明顯。人的淋巴細(xì)胞受照射或在受照射的血清內(nèi)生長,發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)組三體型頻率較對照組高,并引起雙著絲粒染色體異位、缺失等染色體畸變。
2.化學(xué)因素:人們在日常生活中接觸到各種各樣的化學(xué)物質(zhì),有的是天然產(chǎn)物,有的是人工合成,它們會(huì)通過飲食、呼吸或皮膚接觸等途徑進(jìn)入人體,而引起染色體畸變。
3.生物因素:當(dāng)以病毒處理培養(yǎng)中的細(xì)胞時(shí),往往會(huì)引起多種類型的染色體畸變,包括斷裂、粉碎化和互換等。
4.母齡效應(yīng):胎兒在6—7個(gè)月齡時(shí),所有*原細(xì)胞已全部發(fā)展為初級*母細(xì)胞,并從第一次減數(shù)分裂前期進(jìn)入核網(wǎng)期,此時(shí)染色體再次松散舒展,宛如同前胞核,一直維持到青春期排*之前。這種狀態(tài)可能與合成*黃有關(guān)。到青春期時(shí),由于FSH的周期性刺激*母細(xì)胞,每月僅一個(gè)完成第一極體。次級*母細(xì)胞自*巢排出,進(jìn)入輸*管,在管內(nèi)進(jìn)行第二次減數(shù)分裂達(dá)到分裂中期。此時(shí)如果受精,*子便完成第二次減數(shù)分裂,成為成熟*子,與精子結(jié)合成為合子,從此開始新個(gè)體發(fā)育直至分娩。隨著母齡的增長,在母體內(nèi)外許多因素的影響下,*子也可能發(fā)生許多衰老變化,影響成熟分裂中同對染色體間的相互關(guān)系和分裂后期的行動(dòng),促成了染色體間的不分離。
5.遺傳因素:染色體異常??梢员憩F(xiàn)為家族性傾向,這提示染色體畸變與遺傳有關(guān)。
6.自身免疫性疾?。鹤陨砻庖咝约膊∷坪踉谌旧w不分離中起一定作用,如甲狀腺原發(fā)性自身免疫抗體增高與家族性染色體異常之間有密切相關(guān)性。
染色體異常對生育的影響和解決辦法
不孕不育和流產(chǎn)有50-60%是因?yàn)槿旧w異常引起,年齡超過35歲的孕婦發(fā)生早發(fā)性流產(chǎn)的概率是適齡生育者的2~3倍。這是由于隨著女性年齡的增長,*子的質(zhì)量下降,若再加上慢性疾病的積累,胎兒發(fā)生染色體異常的概率就比常人高,而這也是早期流產(chǎn)的主要原因。第三*試管嬰兒技術(shù)是幫助因染色體異常造成的不孕不育和流產(chǎn)家庭快速抱上孩子最科學(xué)和有效的方法。通過納娃哺第三*試管嬰兒技術(shù)的染色體篩查可以把染色體異常的胚胎挑選出來淘汰,只選擇最健康的胚胎用于移植回母親子宮,以保證生下的孩子的身體健康。
泰國納娃哺輔助生殖中心于1993年由泰國試管之父帶領(lǐng)一批朱拉隆宮大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院生殖專家一起創(chuàng)建,是泰國歷史最悠久也是最權(quán)威的
試管醫(yī)院
,擁有泰國最強(qiáng)的染色體篩查能力。
納娃哺現(xiàn)有PGD5對染色體篩查技術(shù)能篩查的疾病
13號染色體
一三體綜合,胎兒多發(fā)畸形,多數(shù)出生三年內(nèi)夭折。
引起乳腺癌和*巢癌,耳聾,肝臟及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病。
18號染色體
愛德華綜合癥,表現(xiàn)為多個(gè)器官缺陷,大多出生一年內(nèi)死亡。常引起尼曼匹克病(貧血,肝脾、淋巴結(jié)腫大,消化不良和神經(jīng)缺陷,胰臟?。?。
21號染色體
唐氏綜合癥
X
杜氏肌營養(yǎng)不良癥(DMD)
特納氏綜合癥
脆性X綜合癥
Y
急性髓系白血病
納娃哺現(xiàn)有PGS23對染色體篩查技術(shù)能篩查200余項(xiàng)疾病
1.3-β-羥化類固醇脫氫酶 II 型缺乏癥(3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type II Deficiency)
2.3-羥基-3-甲基戊二酰- 輔酶 A 裂解酶缺乏癥(3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Lyase Deficiency)
3.3-甲基巴豆酰輔酶 A 羧化酶 1 型 缺乏癥(3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 Deficiency)
4.3-甲基巴豆酰輔酶 A 羧化酶 2 型 缺乏癥(3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase 2 Deficiency)
5.3-磷酸甘油酸脫氫酶缺乏癥(3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
6.6-丙酮酰-丙酮酰四氫合成酶(PTPS) 缺乏癥(6-Pyruvoyl-Tetrahydropterin Synthase (PTPS) Deficiency)
7.無β脂蛋白血癥(Abetalipoproteinemia)
8.1B 型軟骨成長不全(Achondrogenesis, Type 1B)
9.CNGB3 蛋白連帶全色盲(Achromatopsia, CNGB3-Related)
10.腸病性肢端皮炎(Acrodermatitis Enteropathica)
11.TRMU 連帶小兒急性肝功能衰竭(Acute Infantile Liver Failure, TRMU-Related)
12.?;o酶 A 氧化酶 I 缺乏癥(Acyl-CoA Oxidase I Deficiency)
13.伴 X 染色體腎上腺腦白質(zhì)失養(yǎng)癥(Adrenoleukodystrophy, X-Linked)
14.伴發(fā)基底核鈣化的腦?。ˋicardi-Goutières Syndrome)
15.α-甘露糖苷?。ˋlpha-Mannosidosis)
16.α-地中海貧血癥(Alpha-Thalassemia)
17.α-地中海貧血智力障礙綜合癥(Alpha-Thalassemia Intellectual Disability Syndrome)
18.COL4A3 連帶的奧爾波特綜合征(Alport Syndrome, COL4A3-Related)
19.COL4A4 連帶的奧爾波特綜合征(Alport Syndrome, COL4A4-Related)
20.伴 X 染色體奧爾波特綜合征(Alport Syndrome, X-Linked)
21.阿爾斯特雷姆綜合征Alstrom Syndrome)
22.安德曼綜合征(Andermann Syndrome)
23.釋義精氨琥珀酸裂解酶缺乏癥(Argininosuccinate Lyase Deficiency)
24.芳香化酶缺乏癥(Aromatase Deficiency)
25.天冬酰胺合成酶缺乏癥(Asparagine Synthase Deficiency)
26.天冬氨葡糖氨尿癥(Aspartylglycosaminuria)
27.共濟(jì)失調(diào)與維他命 E 缺乏癥(Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency)
28.共濟(jì)失調(diào)毛細(xì)血管擴(kuò)張(Ataxia-Telangiectasia)
29.自閉癥,癲癇癥,以及關(guān)節(jié)攣縮癥0Autism Spectrum, Epilepsy and Arthrogryposis)
30.1 型自身免疫多腺體綜合征(Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Type 1)
31.沙勒瓦-沙格奈河流域常染色體隱性痙攣性共濟(jì)失調(diào)(Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay)
32.BBS1 連帶巴比二氏綜合癥(Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, BBS1-Related)
33.BBS10 連帶巴比二氏綜合癥(Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, BBS10-Related)
34.BBS12 連帶巴比二氏綜合癥(Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, BBS12-Related)
35.BBS2 連帶巴比二氏綜合癥(Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, BBS2-Related)
36.CIITA 連帶裸淋巴細(xì)胞綜合征(Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome, CIITA-Related)
37.BSND 連帶巴特綜合征(Bartter Syndrome, BSND-Related)
38.CLN3 連帶貝敦氏癥(Batten Disease, CLN3-Related)
39.β-血紅蛋白?。˙eta-Hemoglobinopathies)
40.β-酮硫解酶缺乏癥(Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency)
41.雙側(cè)額頂骨多小腦回畸形(Bilateral Frontoparietal Polymicrogyria)
42.生物素酰胺酶缺乏癥(Biotinidase Deficiency)
43.布盧姆綜合征(Bloom Syndrome)
44.海綿狀腦白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良癥(Canavan Disease)
45.I 型氨甲酰磷酸合成酶缺乏癥(Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I Deficiency)
46.肉毒堿缺乏癥(Carnitine Deficiency)
47.IA 型肉毒堿棕櫚酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase IA Deficiency)
48.II 型肉毒堿棕櫚酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency)
49.卡彭特綜合征(Carpenter Syndrome)
50.軟骨毛發(fā)發(fā)育不全(Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia)
51.腦腱性黃色瘤病(Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis)
52.伴 X 染色體失聰性進(jìn)行性神經(jīng)病性肌萎縮(Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with Deafness, X-linked)
53.4D 型進(jìn)行性神經(jīng)病性肌萎縮(Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4D)
54.舞蹈病棘紅細(xì)胞增多癥(Choreoacanthocytosis)
55.無脈絡(luò)膜癥(Choroideremia)
56.CYBA 連帶慢性肉芽腫性疾?。–hronic Granulomatous Disease, CYBA-Related)
57.伴 X 染色體慢性肉芽腫性疾?。–hronic Granulomatous Disease, X-Linked)
58.RPGRIP1L 連帶纖毛類疾病(Ciliopathies, RPGRIP1L-Related )
59.維生素 P 缺乏癥(Citrin Deficiency)
60.1 型瓜氨酸血癥(Citrullinemia, Type 1)
61.科恩綜合征(Cohen Syndrome)
62.結(jié)合性丙二酸及甲基丙二酸血癥(Combined Malonic and Methylmalonic Aciduria)
63.1 型結(jié)合性氧化磷酸化缺乏癥(Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 1)
64.3 型結(jié)合性氧化磷酸化缺乏癥(Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 3)
65.2 型結(jié)合性腦垂體激素缺乏癥(Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency-2)
66.先天性腎上腺增生癥, 17-α-羥化酶缺乏癥(Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, 17-Alpha-Hydroxylase Deficiency)
67.先天性低巨核血小板減少癥(Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia)
68.1A 型, PMM2 連帶,先天性糖基化反應(yīng)失調(diào)(Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, Type 1A, PMM2-Related)
69.1B 型先天性糖基化反應(yīng)失調(diào)(Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, Type 1B)
70.1C 型先天性糖基化反應(yīng)失調(diào)(Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, Type 1C)
71.先天性芬蘭腎?。–ongenital Finnish Nephrosis)
72.KCNJ11 連帶先天性高胰島素血癥(Congenital Hyperinsulinism, KCNJ11-Related)
73.先天性缺汗癥(CIPA)(Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA)
74.CHRNE 連帶先天性肌無力綜合征(Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, CHRNE-Related)
75.RAPSN 連帶先天性肌無力綜合征(Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, RAPSN-Related)
76.HAX1 連帶先天性嗜中性白血球減少癥(Congenital Neutropenia, HAX1-Related)
77.VPS45 連帶先天性嗜中性白血球減少癥(Congenital Neutropenia, VPS45-Related)
78.角膜失養(yǎng)癥和感音性失聰癥(Corneal Dystrophy and Perceptive Deafness)
79.皮質(zhì)酮甲基氧化酶缺乏癥(Corticosterone Methyloxidase Deficiency)
80.考斯特夫綜合征( 3 型 3-甲基戊烯二酸尿癥)[Costeff Syndrome (3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type 3)]
81.CRB1 連帶視網(wǎng)膜營養(yǎng)障礙(CRB1-Related Retinal Dystrophies)
82.肌酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體蛋白缺乏癥(伴 X 染色體 1 型腦肌酸缺陷綜合征)[Creatine Transporter Defect (Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Syndrome 1, XLinked)]
83.囊腫性纖維化癥(Cystic Fibrosis)
84.胱氨酸?。–ystinosis)
85.D-雙官能團(tuán)蛋白質(zhì)缺乏癥(D-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency)
86.失聰, 77 型常染色體隱性性狀(Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 77)
87.杜氏營養(yǎng)不良癥/貝克型肌營養(yǎng)不良癥(Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy)
88.RTEL1 連帶先天性胰島功能不良(Dyskeratosis Congenita, RTEL1-Related)
89.COL7A1 連帶營養(yǎng)不良性大皰性表皮松解癥(Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa, COL7A1-Related)
90.VIIC 型埃勒斯-當(dāng)洛斯綜合征(Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Type VIIC)
91.EVC 連帶埃利偉氏綜合癥(Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome, EVC-Related)
92.伴 X 染色體 1 型肌營養(yǎng)不良(Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy 1, X-Linked)
93.增強(qiáng)型 S-斯昆綜合征(Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome)
94.乙基丙二酸腦病變(Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy)
95.法布瑞氏癥(Fabry Disease)
96.IX 因子缺乏癥(Factor IX Deficiency)
97.XI 因子缺乏癥(Factor XI Deficiency)
98.家族性自主神經(jīng)功能異常(Familial Dysautonomia)
99.LDLR 連帶家族性高膽固醇血癥(Familial Hypercholesterolemia, LDLR-Related)
100.LDLRAP1 連帶家族性高膽固醇血癥(Familial Hypercholesterolemia, LDLRAP1-Related)
101.ABCC8 連帶家族性胰島素過多癥(Familial Hyperinsulinism, ABCC8-Related)
102.家族性地中海發(fā)熱(Familial Mediterranean Fever)
103.AQP2 相關(guān)家族性腎原性尿崩癥(Familial Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, AQP2-Related)
104.A 類范科尼貧血癥(Fanconi Anemia, Group A)
105.C 類范科尼貧血癥(Fanconi Anemia, Group C)
106.G 類范科尼貧血癥(Fanconi Anemia, Group G)
107.X 染色體易損綜合征(Fragile X Syndrome)
108.延胡索酸酶缺乏癥(Fumarase Deficiency)
109.半乳糖激酶缺乏癥 ( II 型半乳糖血癥)[ Galactokinase Deficiency (Galactosemia, Type II)
110.半乳糖血癥(Galactosemia)
111.高雪氏癥( Gaucher Disease)
112.吉特曼癥候群(Gitelman Syndrome)
113.1 型戊二酸血癥(Glutaric Acidemia, Type 1)
114.2A 型戊二酸血癥(Glutaric Acidemia, Type 2A)
115.2C 型戊二酸血癥(Glutaric Acidemia, Type 2C)
116.AMT 連帶氨基乙酸腦病變(Glycine Encephalopathy, AMT-Related)
117.GLDC 連帶氨基乙酸腦病變(Glycine Encephalopathy, GLDC-Related)
118.1a 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾?。℅lycogen Storage Disease, Type 1a)
119.1b 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾病(Glycogen Storage Disease, Type 1b)
120.2 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾病( 龐貝氏癥)[Glycogen Storage Disease, Type 2 (Pompe Disease)]
121.3 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾?。℅lycogen Storage Disease, Type 3)
122.4 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾?。℅lycogen Storage Disease, Type 4)
123.5 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾病 ( 麥卡德爾?。Glycogen Storage Disease, Type 5 (McArdle Disease)]
124.7 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾?。℅lycogen Storage Disease, Type 7)
125.纖細(xì)綜合征(GRACILE Syndrome)
126.胍基乙酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency)
127.2A 型血色沉著病(Hemochromatosis Type 2A)
128.3 型 TFR2 連帶血色沉著?。℉emochromatosis, Type 3, TFR2-Related)
129.MPV17 連帶肝腦線粒體 DNA 衰竭綜合征(Hepatocerebral Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome, MPV17-Related)
130.遺傳性果糖不耐癥(Hereditary Fructose Intolerance)
131.49 型遺傳性痙攣性截癱(Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis, Type 49)
132.HPS1 連帶赫曼斯基-普德拉克綜合征(Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, HPS1-Related)
133.HPS3 連帶赫曼斯基-普德拉克綜合征(Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, HPS3-Related)
134.羧化全酶合成酶缺乏癥(Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency)
135.亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶缺乏致高胱胺酸尿癥(Homocystinuria due to Deficiency of MTHFR)
136.CBS 連帶高胱胺酸尿癥(Homocystinuria, CBS-Related)
137.cblE 高胱胺酸尿癥(Homocystinuria, Type cblE)
138.腦積水綜合征(Hydrolethalus Syndrome)
139.高鳥胺基酸血癥-高血氨癥-高瓜氨酸尿癥( HHH 綜合征)[Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria (HHH Syndrome)]
140.伴 X 染色體先天性外胚層發(fā)育不全無汗綜合征(Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia, X-Linked)
141.ALPL 連帶低磷酸酯酶癥(Hypophosphatasia, ALPL-Related)
142.2 型包涵體肌?。↖nclusion Body Myopathy 2)
143.嬰兒大腦和小腦萎縮癥(Infantile Cerebral and Cerebellar Atrophy)
144.異戊酸血癥(Isovaleric Acidemia)
145.2 型朱伯特綜合癥/ 2 型梅克爾綜合癥(Joubert Syndrome 2/Meckel Syndrome 2)
146.伴 X 染色體青少年視網(wǎng)膜劈裂癥(Juvenile Retinoschisis, X-Linked)
147.嬰兒遺傳性腦白質(zhì)萎縮癥(Krabbe Disease)
148.1 型板層狀魚鱗病(Lamellar Ichthyosis, Type 1)
149.2 型萊伯氏先天性黑蒙癥(Leber Congenital Amaurosis 2)
150.CEP290 型萊伯氏先天性黑蒙癥(Leber Congenital Amaurosis, Type CEP290)
151.LCA5 型萊伯氏先天性黑蒙癥(Leber Congenital Amaurosis, Type LCA5)
152.RDH12 型萊伯氏先天性黑蒙癥(Leber Congenital Amaurosis, Type RDH12)
153.法國-加拿大型亞急性壞死性腦脊髓?。↙eigh Syndrome, French-Canadian Type)
154.1 型致命先天攣縮綜合征(Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndrome 1)
155.伴白質(zhì)消失性腦白質(zhì)病變癥(Leukoencephalopathy with Vanishing White Matter)
156.2A 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2A)
157.2B 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2B)
158.2C 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2C)
159.2D 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2D)
160.2E 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2E)
161.2I 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2I)
162.脂酰脫氫酶缺乏癥(二氫硫辛酰胺脫氫酶缺乏癥)[Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency)]
163.類脂質(zhì)性腎上腺增生癥(Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia)
164.治療脂蛋白脂酶缺乏癥(Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency)
165.長鏈 3 型-羥烷基-輔酶 A 脫氫酶缺乏癥(Long Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
166.賴氨酸尿性蛋白質(zhì)不耐受癥(Lysinuric Protein Intolerance)
167.1A 型楓糖漿尿癥(Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Type 1A)
168.1B 型楓糖漿尿癥(Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Type 1B)
169.1 型梅克爾-格魯貝爾綜合征(Meckel-Gruber Syndrome, Type 1)
170.中鏈酰基輔酶 A 脫氫酶缺乏癥(Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
171.腦白質(zhì)?。∕egalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts)
172.門克斯綜合征(Menkes Syndrome)
173.ARSA 連帶異染性腦白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良(Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, ARSA-Related)
174.PSAP 連帶異染性腦白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良(Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, PSAP-Related)
175.cblC 型甲基丙二酸血癥和高胱氨酸尿癥(Methylmalonic Aciduria and Homocystinuria, Type cblC)
176.cblD 型甲基丙二酸血癥和高胱氨酸尿癥(Methylmalonic Aciduria and Homocystinuria, Type cblD)
177.MMAA 連帶甲基丙二酸血癥(Methylmalonic Aciduria, MMAA-Related)
178.MMAB 連帶甲基丙二酸血癥(Methylmalonic Aciduria, MMAB-Related)
179.mut(0)型甲基丙二酸血癥 [Methylmalonic Aciduria, Type mut(0)]
180.VSX2 連帶小眼畸形癥/無眼畸形癥(Microphthalmia/Anophthalmia, VSX2-Related)
181.ACAD9 連帶 1 型線粒體缺乏綜合征(Mitochondrial Complex 1 Deficiency, ACAD9-Related)
182.NDUFAF5 連帶 1 型線粒體缺乏綜合征(Mitochondrial Complex 1 Deficiency, NDUFAF5-Related)
183.NDUFS6 連帶 1 型線粒體缺乏綜合征(Mitochondrial Complex 1 Deficiency, NDUFS6-Related)
184.線粒體肌病和鐵粒幼細(xì)胞貧血癥(MLASA1)[Mitochondrial Myopathy and Sideroblastic Anemia (MLASA1)]
185.II/IIIA 型粘脂貯積?。∕ucolipidosis II/IIIA)
186.III 型γ粘脂貯積病(Mucolipidosis III gamma)
187.IV 型粘脂貯積?。∕ucolipidosis, Type IV)
188.I 型黏多糖貯積癥 ( 賀勒氏綜合征)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type I (Hurler Syndrome)]
189.II 型黏多糖貯積癥 ( 亨特氏綜合征)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type II (Hunter Syndrome)]
190.IIIA 型黏多糖貯積癥 (圣菲利波 A 型)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IIIA (Sanfilippo A)]
191.IIIB 型黏多糖貯積癥 (圣菲利波 B 型)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IIIB (Sanfilippo B)]
192.IIIC 型黏多糖貯積癥 (圣菲利波 C 型)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IIIC (Sanfilippo C)]
193.IIID 型黏多糖貯積癥 (圣菲利波 D 型)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IIID (Sanfilippo D)]
194.黏多糖貯積癥, IVB/GM1 型神經(jīng)節(jié)苷脂貯積癥(Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IVB/GM1 Gangliosidosis)
195.IX 型黏多糖貯積癥(Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IX)
196.VI 型黏多糖貯積癥 (馬羅托-拉米綜合征)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy)]
197.多發(fā)性硫酸酯酶缺乏癥(Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency)
198.POMGNT1 連帶肌肉-眼-大腦疾?。∕uscle-Eye-Brain Disease, POMGNT1-Related)
199.線粒體神經(jīng)胃腸腦肌病(MNGIE)[Myoneurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy (MNGIE)]
200.伴 X 染色體肌小管性肌?。∕yotubular Myopathy, X-Linked)
201.乙酰谷氨酸合成酶缺乏癥(N-acetylglutamate Synthase Deficiency)
202.NEB 連帶纖維質(zhì)肌肉病變(Nemaline Myopathy, NEB-Related)
203.CLN5 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, CLN5-Related)
204.CLN6 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, CLN6-Related)
205.CLN8 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, CLN8-Related)
206.MFSD8 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, MFSD8-Related)
207.PPT1 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, PPT1-Related)
208.TPP1 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, TPP1-Related)
209.C1/D 型尼曼—匹克病(Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1/D)
210.C2 型尼曼—匹克?。∟iemann-Pick Disease, Type C2)
211.A/B 型尼曼—匹克?。∟iemann-Pick Disease, Types A/B)
212.奈梅亨斷裂綜合征( Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome)
213.GJB2 連帶遺傳性非綜合征型耳聾(Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss, GJB2-Related)
214.牙齒-指甲-皮膚發(fā)育不良/紹普夫-舒爾茨-帕薩爾格綜合征[(Odonto-Onycho-Dermal)Dysplasia/Schopf-Schulz-Passarge Syndrome]
215.RAG2 連帶預(yù)兆綜合征(Omenn Syndrome, RAG2-Related)
216.鳥氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency)
217.鳥氨酸氨甲酰基轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency)
218.TCIRG1 連帶小兒惡性骨硬化?。∣steopetrosis, Infantile Malignant, TCIRG1-Related)
219.耳聾甲狀腺腫綜合征(Pendred Syndrome)
220.苯丙酮酸尿癥(Phenylketonuria)
221.結(jié)合 3 型垂體激素缺乏癥(Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined 3)
222.常染色體隱性遺傳多囊性腎病變(Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive)
223.RARS2 連帶小腦發(fā)育不全癥(Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, RARS2-Related)
224.1A 型小腦發(fā)育不全癥(Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Type 1A)
225.2D 型小腦發(fā)育不全癥(Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Type 2D)
226.DNAH5 連帶原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙(Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, DNAH5-Related)
227.DNAI1 連帶原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙(Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, DNAI1-Related)
228.DNAI2 連帶原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙(Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, DNAI2-Related)
229.1 型原發(fā)性高草酸尿癥(Primary Hyperoxaluria, Type 1)
230.2 型原發(fā)性高草酸尿癥(Primary Hyperoxaluria, Type 2)
231.3 型原發(fā)性高草酸尿癥(Primary Hyperoxaluria, Type 3)
232.2 型內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥(Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis, Type 2)
233.PCCA 連帶丙酸血癥(Propionic Acidemia, PCCA-Related)
234.PCCB 連帶丙酸血癥(Propionic Acidemia, PCCB-Related)
235.致密性成骨不全癥(Pycnodysostosis)
236.PDHB 連帶丙酮酸脫氫酶缺乏癥(Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, PDHB-Related)
237.伴 X 染色體丙酮酸脫氫酶缺乏癥(Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, X-Linked)
238.ATP6V1B1 連帶腎小管性酸中毒和耳聾(Renal Tubular Acidosis and Deafness, ATP6V1B1-Related)
239.色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎 25(Retinitis Pigmentosa 25)
240.色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎 26(Retinitis Pigmentosa 26)
241.色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎 28(Retinitis Pigmentosa 28)
242.色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎 59(Retinitis Pigmentosa 59)
243.1 型肢根斑點(diǎn)狀軟骨發(fā)育異常(Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Type 1)
244.3 型肢根斑點(diǎn)狀軟骨發(fā)育異常(Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Type 3)
245.羅伯茨綜合征(Roberts Syndrome)
246.唾液酸貯積病(Salla Disease)
247.氨基乙糖苷 A—B 酶缺乏癥(Sandhoff Disease)
248.舒米科免疫性發(fā)育不良(Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia)
249.TH 連帶瀨川綜合征(Segawa Syndrome, TH-Related)
250.ADA 連帶重癥綜合性免疫缺陷(Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, ADA-Related)
251.阿薩巴斯卡型重癥綜合性免疫缺陷(Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, Type Athabaskan)
252.伴 X 染色體重癥綜合性免疫缺陷(Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, X-Linked)
253.智力發(fā)育不全綜合征(Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome)
254.史密斯-萊米莉-奧皮茨綜合征(Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome)
255.脊髓性肌肉萎縮癥(Spinal Muscular Atrophy)
256.MESP2 連帶胸段脊柱發(fā)育不良(Spondylothoracic Dysostosis, MESP2-Related)
257.激素抵抗型腎病綜合征(Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome)
258.施蒂威-威德曼綜合征(Stuve-Wiedemann Syndrome)
259.家族黑蒙性白癡?。═ay-Sachs Disease)
260.1型酪氨酸血癥(Tyrosinemia, Type 1)
261.1B 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 1B)
262.1C 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 1C)
263.1D 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 1D)
264.1F 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 1F)
265.2A 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 2A)
266.3型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 3)
267.超長鏈 ?;o酶 A 脫氫酶缺乏癥(Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
268.FKTN 連帶沃克瓦爾堡綜合征(Walker-Warburg Syndrome, FKTN-Related)
269.肝豆?fàn)詈俗冃裕╓ilson Disease)
270.沃爾曼?。╓olman Disease)
271.PEX1 連帶齊薇格譜系障礙(Zellweger Spectrum Disorders, PEX1-Related)
272.PEX10 連帶齊薇格譜系障礙(Zellweger Spectrum Disorders, PEX10-Related)
273.PEX2 連帶齊薇格譜系障礙(Zellweger Spectrum Disorders, PEX2-Related)
274.PEX6 連帶齊薇格譜系障礙(Zellweger Spectrum Disorders, PEX6-Related)
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正常人的體細(xì)胞染色體數(shù)目為23對,并有一定的形態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)。染色體在形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)或數(shù)量上的異常被稱為染色體異常,由染色體異常引起的疾病為染色體病?,F(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)的由染色體異常導(dǎo)致的染色體病有200余種,染色體病在臨床上??稍斐闪鳟a(chǎn),嬰兒先天愚型、先天性多發(fā)性畸形、以及癌腫等。染色體異常的發(fā)生率并不少見,在一般新生兒群體中就可達(dá)0.5%~0.7%。而在早期自然流產(chǎn)時(shí),約有50%~60%是由染色體異常所致。
引起染色體異常原因
染色體是基因的載體,染色體病即染色體異常,故而導(dǎo)致基因表達(dá)異常機(jī)體發(fā)育異常。染色體畸變的發(fā)病機(jī)制不明,可能由于細(xì)胞分裂后期染色體發(fā)生不分離或染色體在體內(nèi)外各種因素影響下發(fā)生斷裂和重新連接所致。
1.物理因素:人類所處的輻射環(huán)境,包括天然輻射和人工輻射。天然輻射包括宇宙輻射,地球輻射及人體內(nèi)放射物質(zhì)的輻射,人工輻射包括放射輻射和職業(yè)照射等。
電離輻射因?qū)е氯旧w不分離而引人注目。有試驗(yàn)證明,將受照射小鼠處于MⅡ中期的*細(xì)胞和未受照射的同期*細(xì)胞比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)不分離在受照射組中明顯增高,這一現(xiàn)象在年齡較大的小鼠中尤為明顯。人的淋巴細(xì)胞受照射或在受照射的血清內(nèi)生長,發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)組三體型頻率較對照組高,并引起雙著絲粒染色體異位、缺失等染色體畸變。
2.化學(xué)因素:人們在日常生活中接觸到各種各樣的化學(xué)物質(zhì),有的是天然產(chǎn)物,有的是人工合成,它們會(huì)通過飲食、呼吸或皮膚接觸等途徑進(jìn)入人體,而引起染色體畸變。
3.生物因素:當(dāng)以病毒處理培養(yǎng)中的細(xì)胞時(shí),往往會(huì)引起多種類型的染色體畸變,包括斷裂、粉碎化和互換等。
4.母齡效應(yīng):胎兒在6—7個(gè)月齡時(shí),所有*原細(xì)胞已全部發(fā)展為初級*母細(xì)胞,并從第一次減數(shù)分裂前期進(jìn)入核網(wǎng)期,此時(shí)染色體再次松散舒展,宛如同前胞核,一直維持到青春期排*之前。這種狀態(tài)可能與合成*黃有關(guān)。到青春期時(shí),由于FSH的周期性刺激*母細(xì)胞,每月僅一個(gè)完成第一極體。次級*母細(xì)胞自*巢排出,進(jìn)入輸*管,在管內(nèi)進(jìn)行第二次減數(shù)分裂達(dá)到分裂中期。此時(shí)如果受精,*子便完成第二次減數(shù)分裂,成為成熟*子,與精子結(jié)合成為合子,從此開始新個(gè)體發(fā)育直至分娩。隨著母齡的增長,在母體內(nèi)外許多因素的影響下,*子也可能發(fā)生許多衰老變化,影響成熟分裂中同對染色體間的相互關(guān)系和分裂后期的行動(dòng),促成了染色體間的不分離。
5.遺傳因素:染色體異常??梢员憩F(xiàn)為家族性傾向,這提示染色體畸變與遺傳有關(guān)。
6.自身免疫性疾?。鹤陨砻庖咝约膊∷坪踉谌旧w不分離中起一定作用,如甲狀腺原發(fā)性自身免疫抗體增高與家族性染色體異常之間有密切相關(guān)性。
染色體異常對生育的影響和解決辦法
不孕不育和流產(chǎn)有50-60%是因?yàn)槿旧w異常引起,年齡超過35歲的孕婦發(fā)生早發(fā)性流產(chǎn)的概率是適齡生育者的2~3倍。這是由于隨著女性年齡的增長,*子的質(zhì)量下降,若再加上慢性疾病的積累,胎兒發(fā)生染色體異常的概率就比常人高,而這也是早期流產(chǎn)的主要原因。第三*試管嬰兒技術(shù)是幫助因染色體異常造成的不孕不育和流產(chǎn)家庭快速抱上孩子最科學(xué)和有效的方法。通過納娃哺第三*試管嬰兒技術(shù)的染色體篩查可以把染色體異常的胚胎挑選出來淘汰,只選擇最健康的胚胎用于移植回母親子宮,以保證生下的孩子的身體健康。
泰國納娃哺輔助生殖中心于1993年由泰國試管之父帶領(lǐng)一批朱拉隆宮大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院生殖專家一起創(chuàng)建,是泰國歷史最悠久也是最權(quán)威的試管醫(yī)院,擁有泰國最強(qiáng)的染色體篩查能力。
納娃哺現(xiàn)有PGD5對染色體篩查技術(shù)能篩查的疾病
13號染色體
一三體綜合,胎兒多發(fā)畸形,多數(shù)出生三年內(nèi)夭折。
引起乳腺癌和*巢癌,耳聾,肝臟及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病。
18號染色體
愛德華綜合癥,表現(xiàn)為多個(gè)器官缺陷,大多出生一年內(nèi)死亡。常引起尼曼匹克病(貧血,肝脾、淋巴結(jié)腫大,消化不良和神經(jīng)缺陷,胰臟?。?。
21號染色體
唐氏綜合癥
X
杜氏肌營養(yǎng)不良癥(DMD)
特納氏綜合癥
脆性X綜合癥
Y
急性髓系白血病
納娃哺現(xiàn)有PGS23對染色體篩查技術(shù)能篩查200余項(xiàng)疾病
1.3-β-羥化類固醇脫氫酶 II 型缺乏癥(3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type II Deficiency)
2.3-羥基-3-甲基戊二酰- 輔酶 A 裂解酶缺乏癥(3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Lyase Deficiency)
3.3-甲基巴豆酰輔酶 A 羧化酶 1 型 缺乏癥(3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 Deficiency)
4.3-甲基巴豆酰輔酶 A 羧化酶 2 型 缺乏癥(3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase 2 Deficiency)
5.3-磷酸甘油酸脫氫酶缺乏癥(3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
6.6-丙酮酰-丙酮酰四氫合成酶(PTPS) 缺乏癥(6-Pyruvoyl-Tetrahydropterin Synthase (PTPS) Deficiency)
7.無β脂蛋白血癥(Abetalipoproteinemia)
8.1B 型軟骨成長不全(Achondrogenesis, Type 1B)
9.CNGB3 蛋白連帶全色盲(Achromatopsia, CNGB3-Related)
10.腸病性肢端皮炎(Acrodermatitis Enteropathica)
11.TRMU 連帶小兒急性肝功能衰竭(Acute Infantile Liver Failure, TRMU-Related)
12.?;o酶 A 氧化酶 I 缺乏癥(Acyl-CoA Oxidase I Deficiency)
13.伴 X 染色體腎上腺腦白質(zhì)失養(yǎng)癥(Adrenoleukodystrophy, X-Linked)
14.伴發(fā)基底核鈣化的腦?。ˋicardi-Goutières Syndrome)
15.α-甘露糖苷?。ˋlpha-Mannosidosis)
16.α-地中海貧血癥(Alpha-Thalassemia)
17.α-地中海貧血智力障礙綜合癥(Alpha-Thalassemia Intellectual Disability Syndrome)
18.COL4A3 連帶的奧爾波特綜合征(Alport Syndrome, COL4A3-Related)
19.COL4A4 連帶的奧爾波特綜合征(Alport Syndrome, COL4A4-Related)
20.伴 X 染色體奧爾波特綜合征(Alport Syndrome, X-Linked)
21.阿爾斯特雷姆綜合征Alstrom Syndrome)
22.安德曼綜合征(Andermann Syndrome)
23.釋義精氨琥珀酸裂解酶缺乏癥(Argininosuccinate Lyase Deficiency)
24.芳香化酶缺乏癥(Aromatase Deficiency)
25.天冬酰胺合成酶缺乏癥(Asparagine Synthase Deficiency)
26.天冬氨葡糖氨尿癥(Aspartylglycosaminuria)
27.共濟(jì)失調(diào)與維他命 E 缺乏癥(Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency)
28.共濟(jì)失調(diào)毛細(xì)血管擴(kuò)張(Ataxia-Telangiectasia)
29.自閉癥,癲癇癥,以及關(guān)節(jié)攣縮癥0Autism Spectrum, Epilepsy and Arthrogryposis)
30.1 型自身免疫多腺體綜合征(Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Type 1)
31.沙勒瓦-沙格奈河流域常染色體隱性痙攣性共濟(jì)失調(diào)(Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay)
32.BBS1 連帶巴比二氏綜合癥(Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, BBS1-Related)
33.BBS10 連帶巴比二氏綜合癥(Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, BBS10-Related)
34.BBS12 連帶巴比二氏綜合癥(Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, BBS12-Related)
35.BBS2 連帶巴比二氏綜合癥(Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, BBS2-Related)
36.CIITA 連帶裸淋巴細(xì)胞綜合征(Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome, CIITA-Related)
37.BSND 連帶巴特綜合征(Bartter Syndrome, BSND-Related)
38.CLN3 連帶貝敦氏癥(Batten Disease, CLN3-Related)
39.β-血紅蛋白?。˙eta-Hemoglobinopathies)
40.β-酮硫解酶缺乏癥(Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency)
41.雙側(cè)額頂骨多小腦回畸形(Bilateral Frontoparietal Polymicrogyria)
42.生物素酰胺酶缺乏癥(Biotinidase Deficiency)
43.布盧姆綜合征(Bloom Syndrome)
44.海綿狀腦白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良癥(Canavan Disease)
45.I 型氨甲酰磷酸合成酶缺乏癥(Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I Deficiency)
46.肉毒堿缺乏癥(Carnitine Deficiency)
47.IA 型肉毒堿棕櫚酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase IA Deficiency)
48.II 型肉毒堿棕櫚酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency)
49.卡彭特綜合征(Carpenter Syndrome)
50.軟骨毛發(fā)發(fā)育不全(Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia)
51.腦腱性黃色瘤病(Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis)
52.伴 X 染色體失聰性進(jìn)行性神經(jīng)病性肌萎縮(Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with Deafness, X-linked)
53.4D 型進(jìn)行性神經(jīng)病性肌萎縮(Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4D)
54.舞蹈病棘紅細(xì)胞增多癥(Choreoacanthocytosis)
55.無脈絡(luò)膜癥(Choroideremia)
56.CYBA 連帶慢性肉芽腫性疾?。–hronic Granulomatous Disease, CYBA-Related)
57.伴 X 染色體慢性肉芽腫性疾?。–hronic Granulomatous Disease, X-Linked)
58.RPGRIP1L 連帶纖毛類疾病(Ciliopathies, RPGRIP1L-Related )
59.維生素 P 缺乏癥(Citrin Deficiency)
60.1 型瓜氨酸血癥(Citrullinemia, Type 1)
61.科恩綜合征(Cohen Syndrome)
62.結(jié)合性丙二酸及甲基丙二酸血癥(Combined Malonic and Methylmalonic Aciduria)
63.1 型結(jié)合性氧化磷酸化缺乏癥(Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 1)
64.3 型結(jié)合性氧化磷酸化缺乏癥(Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 3)
65.2 型結(jié)合性腦垂體激素缺乏癥(Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency-2)
66.先天性腎上腺增生癥, 17-α-羥化酶缺乏癥(Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, 17-Alpha-Hydroxylase Deficiency)
67.先天性低巨核血小板減少癥(Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia)
68.1A 型, PMM2 連帶,先天性糖基化反應(yīng)失調(diào)(Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, Type 1A, PMM2-Related)
69.1B 型先天性糖基化反應(yīng)失調(diào)(Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, Type 1B)
70.1C 型先天性糖基化反應(yīng)失調(diào)(Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, Type 1C)
71.先天性芬蘭腎?。–ongenital Finnish Nephrosis)
72.KCNJ11 連帶先天性高胰島素血癥(Congenital Hyperinsulinism, KCNJ11-Related)
73.先天性缺汗癥(CIPA)(Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA)
74.CHRNE 連帶先天性肌無力綜合征(Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, CHRNE-Related)
75.RAPSN 連帶先天性肌無力綜合征(Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, RAPSN-Related)
76.HAX1 連帶先天性嗜中性白血球減少癥(Congenital Neutropenia, HAX1-Related)
77.VPS45 連帶先天性嗜中性白血球減少癥(Congenital Neutropenia, VPS45-Related)
78.角膜失養(yǎng)癥和感音性失聰癥(Corneal Dystrophy and Perceptive Deafness)
79.皮質(zhì)酮甲基氧化酶缺乏癥(Corticosterone Methyloxidase Deficiency)
80.考斯特夫綜合征( 3 型 3-甲基戊烯二酸尿癥)[Costeff Syndrome (3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type 3)]
81.CRB1 連帶視網(wǎng)膜營養(yǎng)障礙(CRB1-Related Retinal Dystrophies)
82.肌酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體蛋白缺乏癥(伴 X 染色體 1 型腦肌酸缺陷綜合征)[Creatine Transporter Defect (Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Syndrome 1, XLinked)]
83.囊腫性纖維化癥(Cystic Fibrosis)
84.胱氨酸?。–ystinosis)
85.D-雙官能團(tuán)蛋白質(zhì)缺乏癥(D-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency)
86.失聰, 77 型常染色體隱性性狀(Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 77)
87.杜氏營養(yǎng)不良癥/貝克型肌營養(yǎng)不良癥(Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy)
88.RTEL1 連帶先天性胰島功能不良(Dyskeratosis Congenita, RTEL1-Related)
89.COL7A1 連帶營養(yǎng)不良性大皰性表皮松解癥(Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa, COL7A1-Related)
90.VIIC 型埃勒斯-當(dāng)洛斯綜合征(Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Type VIIC)
91.EVC 連帶埃利偉氏綜合癥(Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome, EVC-Related)
92.伴 X 染色體 1 型肌營養(yǎng)不良(Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy 1, X-Linked)
93.增強(qiáng)型 S-斯昆綜合征(Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome)
94.乙基丙二酸腦病變(Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy)
95.法布瑞氏癥(Fabry Disease)
96.IX 因子缺乏癥(Factor IX Deficiency)
97.XI 因子缺乏癥(Factor XI Deficiency)
98.家族性自主神經(jīng)功能異常(Familial Dysautonomia)
99.LDLR 連帶家族性高膽固醇血癥(Familial Hypercholesterolemia, LDLR-Related)
100.LDLRAP1 連帶家族性高膽固醇血癥(Familial Hypercholesterolemia, LDLRAP1-Related)
101.ABCC8 連帶家族性胰島素過多癥(Familial Hyperinsulinism, ABCC8-Related)
102.家族性地中海發(fā)熱(Familial Mediterranean Fever)
103.AQP2 相關(guān)家族性腎原性尿崩癥(Familial Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, AQP2-Related)
104.A 類范科尼貧血癥(Fanconi Anemia, Group A)
105.C 類范科尼貧血癥(Fanconi Anemia, Group C)
106.G 類范科尼貧血癥(Fanconi Anemia, Group G)
107.X 染色體易損綜合征(Fragile X Syndrome)
108.延胡索酸酶缺乏癥(Fumarase Deficiency)
109.半乳糖激酶缺乏癥 ( II 型半乳糖血癥)[ Galactokinase Deficiency (Galactosemia, Type II)
110.半乳糖血癥(Galactosemia)
111.高雪氏癥( Gaucher Disease)
112.吉特曼癥候群(Gitelman Syndrome)
113.1 型戊二酸血癥(Glutaric Acidemia, Type 1)
114.2A 型戊二酸血癥(Glutaric Acidemia, Type 2A)
115.2C 型戊二酸血癥(Glutaric Acidemia, Type 2C)
116.AMT 連帶氨基乙酸腦病變(Glycine Encephalopathy, AMT-Related)
117.GLDC 連帶氨基乙酸腦病變(Glycine Encephalopathy, GLDC-Related)
118.1a 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾?。℅lycogen Storage Disease, Type 1a)
119.1b 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾病(Glycogen Storage Disease, Type 1b)
120.2 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾病( 龐貝氏癥)[Glycogen Storage Disease, Type 2 (Pompe Disease)]
121.3 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾?。℅lycogen Storage Disease, Type 3)
122.4 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾?。℅lycogen Storage Disease, Type 4)
123.5 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾病 ( 麥卡德爾?。Glycogen Storage Disease, Type 5 (McArdle Disease)]
124.7 型糖原存儲(chǔ)疾?。℅lycogen Storage Disease, Type 7)
125.纖細(xì)綜合征(GRACILE Syndrome)
126.胍基乙酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency)
127.2A 型血色沉著病(Hemochromatosis Type 2A)
128.3 型 TFR2 連帶血色沉著?。℉emochromatosis, Type 3, TFR2-Related)
129.MPV17 連帶肝腦線粒體 DNA 衰竭綜合征(Hepatocerebral Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome, MPV17-Related)
130.遺傳性果糖不耐癥(Hereditary Fructose Intolerance)
131.49 型遺傳性痙攣性截癱(Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis, Type 49)
132.HPS1 連帶赫曼斯基-普德拉克綜合征(Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, HPS1-Related)
133.HPS3 連帶赫曼斯基-普德拉克綜合征(Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, HPS3-Related)
134.羧化全酶合成酶缺乏癥(Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency)
135.亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶缺乏致高胱胺酸尿癥(Homocystinuria due to Deficiency of MTHFR)
136.CBS 連帶高胱胺酸尿癥(Homocystinuria, CBS-Related)
137.cblE 高胱胺酸尿癥(Homocystinuria, Type cblE)
138.腦積水綜合征(Hydrolethalus Syndrome)
139.高鳥胺基酸血癥-高血氨癥-高瓜氨酸尿癥( HHH 綜合征)[Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria (HHH Syndrome)]
140.伴 X 染色體先天性外胚層發(fā)育不全無汗綜合征(Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia, X-Linked)
141.ALPL 連帶低磷酸酯酶癥(Hypophosphatasia, ALPL-Related)
142.2 型包涵體肌?。↖nclusion Body Myopathy 2)
143.嬰兒大腦和小腦萎縮癥(Infantile Cerebral and Cerebellar Atrophy)
144.異戊酸血癥(Isovaleric Acidemia)
145.2 型朱伯特綜合癥/ 2 型梅克爾綜合癥(Joubert Syndrome 2/Meckel Syndrome 2)
146.伴 X 染色體青少年視網(wǎng)膜劈裂癥(Juvenile Retinoschisis, X-Linked)
147.嬰兒遺傳性腦白質(zhì)萎縮癥(Krabbe Disease)
148.1 型板層狀魚鱗病(Lamellar Ichthyosis, Type 1)
149.2 型萊伯氏先天性黑蒙癥(Leber Congenital Amaurosis 2)
150.CEP290 型萊伯氏先天性黑蒙癥(Leber Congenital Amaurosis, Type CEP290)
151.LCA5 型萊伯氏先天性黑蒙癥(Leber Congenital Amaurosis, Type LCA5)
152.RDH12 型萊伯氏先天性黑蒙癥(Leber Congenital Amaurosis, Type RDH12)
153.法國-加拿大型亞急性壞死性腦脊髓?。↙eigh Syndrome, French-Canadian Type)
154.1 型致命先天攣縮綜合征(Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndrome 1)
155.伴白質(zhì)消失性腦白質(zhì)病變癥(Leukoencephalopathy with Vanishing White Matter)
156.2A 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2A)
157.2B 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2B)
158.2C 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2C)
159.2D 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2D)
160.2E 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2E)
161.2I 型四肢帶狀肌營養(yǎng)不良(Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type 2I)
162.脂酰脫氫酶缺乏癥(二氫硫辛酰胺脫氫酶缺乏癥)[Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency)]
163.類脂質(zhì)性腎上腺增生癥(Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia)
164.治療脂蛋白脂酶缺乏癥(Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency)
165.長鏈 3 型-羥烷基-輔酶 A 脫氫酶缺乏癥(Long Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
166.賴氨酸尿性蛋白質(zhì)不耐受癥(Lysinuric Protein Intolerance)
167.1A 型楓糖漿尿癥(Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Type 1A)
168.1B 型楓糖漿尿癥(Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Type 1B)
169.1 型梅克爾-格魯貝爾綜合征(Meckel-Gruber Syndrome, Type 1)
170.中鏈酰基輔酶 A 脫氫酶缺乏癥(Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
171.腦白質(zhì)?。∕egalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts)
172.門克斯綜合征(Menkes Syndrome)
173.ARSA 連帶異染性腦白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良(Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, ARSA-Related)
174.PSAP 連帶異染性腦白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良(Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, PSAP-Related)
175.cblC 型甲基丙二酸血癥和高胱氨酸尿癥(Methylmalonic Aciduria and Homocystinuria, Type cblC)
176.cblD 型甲基丙二酸血癥和高胱氨酸尿癥(Methylmalonic Aciduria and Homocystinuria, Type cblD)
177.MMAA 連帶甲基丙二酸血癥(Methylmalonic Aciduria, MMAA-Related)
178.MMAB 連帶甲基丙二酸血癥(Methylmalonic Aciduria, MMAB-Related)
179.mut(0)型甲基丙二酸血癥 [Methylmalonic Aciduria, Type mut(0)]
180.VSX2 連帶小眼畸形癥/無眼畸形癥(Microphthalmia/Anophthalmia, VSX2-Related)
181.ACAD9 連帶 1 型線粒體缺乏綜合征(Mitochondrial Complex 1 Deficiency, ACAD9-Related)
182.NDUFAF5 連帶 1 型線粒體缺乏綜合征(Mitochondrial Complex 1 Deficiency, NDUFAF5-Related)
183.NDUFS6 連帶 1 型線粒體缺乏綜合征(Mitochondrial Complex 1 Deficiency, NDUFS6-Related)
184.線粒體肌病和鐵粒幼細(xì)胞貧血癥(MLASA1)[Mitochondrial Myopathy and Sideroblastic Anemia (MLASA1)]
185.II/IIIA 型粘脂貯積?。∕ucolipidosis II/IIIA)
186.III 型γ粘脂貯積病(Mucolipidosis III gamma)
187.IV 型粘脂貯積?。∕ucolipidosis, Type IV)
188.I 型黏多糖貯積癥 ( 賀勒氏綜合征)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type I (Hurler Syndrome)]
189.II 型黏多糖貯積癥 ( 亨特氏綜合征)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type II (Hunter Syndrome)]
190.IIIA 型黏多糖貯積癥 (圣菲利波 A 型)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IIIA (Sanfilippo A)]
191.IIIB 型黏多糖貯積癥 (圣菲利波 B 型)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IIIB (Sanfilippo B)]
192.IIIC 型黏多糖貯積癥 (圣菲利波 C 型)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IIIC (Sanfilippo C)]
193.IIID 型黏多糖貯積癥 (圣菲利波 D 型)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IIID (Sanfilippo D)]
194.黏多糖貯積癥, IVB/GM1 型神經(jīng)節(jié)苷脂貯積癥(Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IVB/GM1 Gangliosidosis)
195.IX 型黏多糖貯積癥(Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type IX)
196.VI 型黏多糖貯積癥 (馬羅托-拉米綜合征)[Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy)]
197.多發(fā)性硫酸酯酶缺乏癥(Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency)
198.POMGNT1 連帶肌肉-眼-大腦疾?。∕uscle-Eye-Brain Disease, POMGNT1-Related)
199.線粒體神經(jīng)胃腸腦肌病(MNGIE)[Myoneurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy (MNGIE)]
200.伴 X 染色體肌小管性肌?。∕yotubular Myopathy, X-Linked)
201.乙酰谷氨酸合成酶缺乏癥(N-acetylglutamate Synthase Deficiency)
202.NEB 連帶纖維質(zhì)肌肉病變(Nemaline Myopathy, NEB-Related)
203.CLN5 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, CLN5-Related)
204.CLN6 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, CLN6-Related)
205.CLN8 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, CLN8-Related)
206.MFSD8 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, MFSD8-Related)
207.PPT1 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, PPT1-Related)
208.TPP1 連帶神經(jīng)元蠟樣脂褐質(zhì)沉積癥(Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, TPP1-Related)
209.C1/D 型尼曼—匹克病(Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1/D)
210.C2 型尼曼—匹克?。∟iemann-Pick Disease, Type C2)
211.A/B 型尼曼—匹克?。∟iemann-Pick Disease, Types A/B)
212.奈梅亨斷裂綜合征( Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome)
213.GJB2 連帶遺傳性非綜合征型耳聾(Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss, GJB2-Related)
214.牙齒-指甲-皮膚發(fā)育不良/紹普夫-舒爾茨-帕薩爾格綜合征[(Odonto-Onycho-Dermal)Dysplasia/Schopf-Schulz-Passarge Syndrome]
215.RAG2 連帶預(yù)兆綜合征(Omenn Syndrome, RAG2-Related)
216.鳥氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency)
217.鳥氨酸氨甲酰基轉(zhuǎn)移酶缺乏癥(Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency)
218.TCIRG1 連帶小兒惡性骨硬化?。∣steopetrosis, Infantile Malignant, TCIRG1-Related)
219.耳聾甲狀腺腫綜合征(Pendred Syndrome)
220.苯丙酮酸尿癥(Phenylketonuria)
221.結(jié)合 3 型垂體激素缺乏癥(Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined 3)
222.常染色體隱性遺傳多囊性腎病變(Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive)
223.RARS2 連帶小腦發(fā)育不全癥(Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, RARS2-Related)
224.1A 型小腦發(fā)育不全癥(Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Type 1A)
225.2D 型小腦發(fā)育不全癥(Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Type 2D)
226.DNAH5 連帶原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙(Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, DNAH5-Related)
227.DNAI1 連帶原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙(Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, DNAI1-Related)
228.DNAI2 連帶原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙(Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, DNAI2-Related)
229.1 型原發(fā)性高草酸尿癥(Primary Hyperoxaluria, Type 1)
230.2 型原發(fā)性高草酸尿癥(Primary Hyperoxaluria, Type 2)
231.3 型原發(fā)性高草酸尿癥(Primary Hyperoxaluria, Type 3)
232.2 型內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥(Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis, Type 2)
233.PCCA 連帶丙酸血癥(Propionic Acidemia, PCCA-Related)
234.PCCB 連帶丙酸血癥(Propionic Acidemia, PCCB-Related)
235.致密性成骨不全癥(Pycnodysostosis)
236.PDHB 連帶丙酮酸脫氫酶缺乏癥(Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, PDHB-Related)
237.伴 X 染色體丙酮酸脫氫酶缺乏癥(Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, X-Linked)
238.ATP6V1B1 連帶腎小管性酸中毒和耳聾(Renal Tubular Acidosis and Deafness, ATP6V1B1-Related)
239.色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎 25(Retinitis Pigmentosa 25)
240.色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎 26(Retinitis Pigmentosa 26)
241.色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎 28(Retinitis Pigmentosa 28)
242.色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎 59(Retinitis Pigmentosa 59)
243.1 型肢根斑點(diǎn)狀軟骨發(fā)育異常(Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Type 1)
244.3 型肢根斑點(diǎn)狀軟骨發(fā)育異常(Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Type 3)
245.羅伯茨綜合征(Roberts Syndrome)
246.唾液酸貯積病(Salla Disease)
247.氨基乙糖苷 A—B 酶缺乏癥(Sandhoff Disease)
248.舒米科免疫性發(fā)育不良(Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia)
249.TH 連帶瀨川綜合征(Segawa Syndrome, TH-Related)
250.ADA 連帶重癥綜合性免疫缺陷(Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, ADA-Related)
251.阿薩巴斯卡型重癥綜合性免疫缺陷(Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, Type Athabaskan)
252.伴 X 染色體重癥綜合性免疫缺陷(Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, X-Linked)
253.智力發(fā)育不全綜合征(Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome)
254.史密斯-萊米莉-奧皮茨綜合征(Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome)
255.脊髓性肌肉萎縮癥(Spinal Muscular Atrophy)
256.MESP2 連帶胸段脊柱發(fā)育不良(Spondylothoracic Dysostosis, MESP2-Related)
257.激素抵抗型腎病綜合征(Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome)
258.施蒂威-威德曼綜合征(Stuve-Wiedemann Syndrome)
259.家族黑蒙性白癡?。═ay-Sachs Disease)
260.1型酪氨酸血癥(Tyrosinemia, Type 1)
261.1B 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 1B)
262.1C 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 1C)
263.1D 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 1D)
264.1F 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 1F)
265.2A 型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 2A)
266.3型先天性聾視網(wǎng)膜色素變性綜合征(Usher Syndrome, Type 3)
267.超長鏈 ?;o酶 A 脫氫酶缺乏癥(Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
268.FKTN 連帶沃克瓦爾堡綜合征(Walker-Warburg Syndrome, FKTN-Related)
269.肝豆?fàn)詈俗冃裕╓ilson Disease)
270.沃爾曼?。╓olman Disease)
271.PEX1 連帶齊薇格譜系障礙(Zellweger Spectrum Disorders, PEX1-Related)
272.PEX10 連帶齊薇格譜系障礙(Zellweger Spectrum Disorders, PEX10-Related)
273.PEX2 連帶齊薇格譜系障礙(Zellweger Spectrum Disorders, PEX2-Related)
274.PEX6 連帶齊薇格譜系障礙(Zellweger Spectrum Disorders, PEX6-Related)